Scriptiebank overzicht

Women make up half of the global population and spend nearly one third of their lives in perior postmenopause. This period is marked by major hormonal changes that not only impact the reproductive system, the brain is greatly affected too. Despite this, the female brain remains understudied, and relatively little is known about how menopause influences brain health. Previous research has shown that during the menopause transition, the brain becomes less efficient at using glucose, its main energy source under normal circumstances. These metabolic changes may alter brain structure and function, potentially contributing to common menopause symptoms, such as hot flushes, mood changes or memory problems. They may also partly explain why women have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease later in life. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the menopausal brain by using advanced medical imaging techniques to investigate changes in the brain’s white matter. In the long term, this research may contribute to improved public health and women’s healthcare, by advancing our understanding of menopause-related brain changes and female brain aging. Findings may positively impact healthcare professionals, public health organizations, researchers in neuroscience and women’s health, pharmaceutical and biotech companies. Most importantly, this research may eventually improve patients’ quality of life by supporting better management of menopausal symptoms and informing earlier detection, prevention, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Deze masterscriptie onderzoekt hoe de taal van het rouwen tot uiting komt en wordt begrepen in online herdenkingsberichten op sociale media na het overlijden van publieke figuren. Op basis van onderzoek naar digitaal rouwen, parasociale relaties en publieke emoties op sociale media benadert deze studie rouwen als een communicatief, cultureel en normatief proces dat plaatsvindt in openbare, gemedieerde omgevingen. Hoewel de bestaande literatuur aanzienlijke aandacht besteedt aan online uitingen van verdriet, blijft het minder duidelijk hoe dergelijke uitingen worden ontvangen, gevalideerd of betwist in openbare digitale contexten.
Om deze leemte te onderzoeken, maakt deze studie gebruik van een kwalitatieve, multimodale en vergelijkende casestudiebenadering. Concreet werden 1.200 reacties geanalyseerd op Facebook- en Instagram-berichten met betrekking tot het overlijden van Matthew Perry en Charlie Kirk. De analyse richtte zich op zes dimensies: uitingen van verdriet, verhalen en betekenisvorming, parasociale articulatie, reacties op betekenis, normativiteit en legitimiteit, en platformlogica.
De resultaten tonen aan dat digitaal rouwen in hoge mate gestandaardiseerd en multimodaal is, maar toch afhankelijk blijft van de culturele positie van de overledene. In het geval van Matthew Perry domineren affectieve, nostalgische en verbindende reacties, terwijl reacties op Charlie Kirk meer gepolariseerd, ideologisch geladen en normatief omstreden zijn. Bovendien lijkt het erop dat Facebook vaker narratieve diepgang mogelijk maakt, terwijl Instagram meer beknopte en visuele uitingen aanmoedigt. Dit onderzoek toont dus aan dat digitaal rouwen niet louter een uitdrukking van verlies is, maar ook een publieke praktijk waarin voortdurend wordt
onderhandeld over emoties, betekenissen en sociale normen.

The ability to control and suppress unwanted influences on decision-making processes is essential for adaptive behaviour. While research has shown that people can adjust their behaviour following conflict between two competing response alternatives, it remains unclear whether individuals have metacognitive insight into the extent to which conflicting and irrelevant information affects their decisions. Insight into interfering information can facilitate the optimisation of cognitive control strategies during the decision process.

This study aimed to understand whether subjective experiences of interference align with objective conflict modulation and whether these experiences correspond to behavioural performance and conflict levels induced by task manipulations. Fifty-one participants completed a Flanker task in which stimulus congruency and flanker distance were manipulated. After each trial, participants rated the degree of interference on a continuous scale, obtaining a trial-by-trial measure of their metacognitive sense of conflict. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that reaction times, accuracy, and interference ratings were sensitive to congruency and flanker distance. By fitting the Diffusion Model for Conflict (DMC) to empirical data, we showed that flanker distance primarily modulates latent parameters that measure conflict strength. We assessed the relationship between objective and subjective measures of interference by regressing peak amplitude, a proxy of interference in the DMC, and stimulus congruency on subjective reports. To further understand this relationship, simulation techniques were
leveraged to model the relationship between peak amplitude and subjective interference.

The regression model provided evidence that individuals have insight into interfering information during decision-making. Model simulations further supported this claim by generating results that closely replicated the qualitative features of the empirical data. These findings support an account of conflict monitoring theory that bridges behavioural performance, computational modelling and subjective experience. Future research should extend these findings to other conflict tasks and incorporate neuroimaging techniques to further validate the results. Ultimately, combining subjective reports and objective measures of interference offers a more comprehensive approach to understanding adaptive decision-making when interfering information is present.

This study investigates the effectiveness of water-based sprinkler systems in mitigating fire spread from electric vehicle (EV) battery thermal runaway events in an underground parking garage (9.5 m × 16 m) using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS v6.9.1). A series of three-dimensional CFD simulations were conducted to evaluate how different sprinkler configurations influence heat release rate (HRR) and fire propagation between an initiating EV and two adjacent vehicles.


The study is contextualized by a thorough literature review on lithium-ion battery chemistry, the mechanics of thermal runaway (TR) and the characteristics of an EV fire. This theoretical foundation was used to establish a worst-case scenario for simulation, specifically selecting a 100% State of Charge (SOC) to reflect the highest potential for fire intensity and rapid fire growth. While the literature identifies significant risks regarding toxic gas emissions (such as hydrogen fluoride) and vapor cloud explosions (VCE), these phenomena were intentionally excluded from the numerical scope. This decision was made because these hazards are either not the primary drivers of vehicle-to-vehicle fire spread or cannot be modeled with sufficient accuracy within the constraints of FDS, which is a low-Mach-number solver.

10 cm computational grid, validated through sensitivity analysis, was used to balance accuracy and computational cost. Seven sprinkler scenarios were tested, varying activation (temperature), orientation, and discharge intensity.

Results show that an unconstrained fire scenario produces a peak HRR exceeding 18 MW due to multi-vehicle involvement. Sprinkler systems significantly reduce fire severity and stop or limit the fire spread, achieving up to an 82% reduction in peak HRR for standard ceiling-mounted systems (6.7 L/min) and up to 93% for high-intensity configurations. Although the FDS model shows that high-velocity jet flames are more buoyancy-dominated than in reality due to the neglect of pressure-driven expansion, the model successfully captures the critical interaction between water application and thermal exposure. These high-velocity jet flames, however, are only marginally affected by sprinkler discharge in the simulations; they are not the primary driver of vehicle-to-vehicle fire spread. Instead, fire propagation is driven by sustained thermal exposure leading to window failure and ignition of interior combustibles.
The results demonstrate that water-based sprinkler systems are effective in limiting large-scale EV fire propagation in enclosed parking structures, despite their inability to suppress thermal runaway at the battery cell level.

Shark species are declining and anthropogenic pressures are on the rise.
This study investigates the occurrence and characteristics of anthropogenic injuries in bull sharks and oceanic blacktip sharks at Aliwal Shoal, Umkomaas, South Africa. The aim is to assess injury frequency, origin, type, anatomical distribution and seasonal variation, as well as the influence of photographic coverage on injury detection.
A total of 383 sharks were analysed, consisting of 53 bull sharks and 330 oceanic blacktip sharks. For bull sharks, 3,975 photographs were systematically reviewed, while 25,354 photographs were analysed for oceanic blacktip sharks. Data was collected using photographic records and classified according to injury presence, number, origin, type and body location. Seasonal patterns were derived from the month of observation and grouped into seasonal categories.
Anthropogenic injuries were recorded in both species, with a substantial proportion of individuals affected. Fishing-related injuries were the most frequent in both bull sharks and oceanic blacktip sharks, followed by vessel-related injuries. Most sharks exhibited a single injury, although multiple injuries per individual were also observed, particularly in oceanic blacktip sharks. Retained fishing gear and associated wounds were the most common injury type, while fins were the most frequently affected body region in both species.
Seasonal variation in newly observed injuries indicated differences in distribution across seasons, with relatively higher frequencies during warmer periods. Photographic analysis showed that a considerable proportion of sharks did not have full-body coverage, suggesting that some injuries may not have been detected and that reported values likely underestimate true occurrence.
Overall, the results demonstrate widespread anthropogenic interaction with sharks at Aliwal Shoal and highlight the importance of fisheries as the main source of injury, as well as the need for improved monitoring methods to better assess impacts on shark populations.

Gender speelt een belangrijke rol in de dagelijkse klaspraktijk, maar de manier waarop gendernormen en genderstereotypen precies zichtbaar worden in Vlaamse kleuterklassen blijft onderbelicht in bestaand onderzoek. In deze studie werd gebruikgemaakt van systematische en niet-participerende klasobservaties in Vlaamse kleuterklassen. Daarbij werd onderzocht hoe gender tot uiting komt in zowel de fysieke klasomgeving als in dagelijkse interacties, met specifieke aandacht voor
aanspreekvormen, spelbegeleiding, feedback en disciplinering. De resultaten tonen dat gender zowel via materialen en visuele middelen als via dagelijkse interacties wordt gereproduceerd, maar dat er ook genderverruimende praktijken aanwezig waren. Deze bevindingen bieden een genuanceerd inzicht in hoe gender in Vlaamse kleuterklassen wordt geconstrueerd en geven aan waar verdere verdieping mogelijk is.

Een dag op zee aan boord van een onderzoeksschip: watermonsters nemen, bodemstalen bekijken, live marien onderzoek meemaken. Voor 63 deelnemers was het een unieke ervaring. Maar wat doet zo'n dag nu echt met je kennis over de oceaan, je verbondenheid met de natuur, en je bereidheid om er iets voor te doen?

Deze masterproef onderzocht de impact van een educatieve vaardag op oceaangeletterdheid en natuurverbondenheid bij volwassen deelnemers, via een longitudinaal onderzoeksdesign met drie meetmomenten: voor de tocht, direct erna en zes maanden later.
De resultaten tonen een genuanceerd beeld. Oceaankennis nam toe na de vaartdag en bleef zes maanden later overeind, wat wijst op duurzame cognitieve leerwinst. De affectieve dimensie vertelde een ander verhaal: het gevoel van verbondenheid met de natuur piekte direct na de ervaring, maar zakte daarna terug. Houding en gedragsintenties bleven grotendeels stabiel, wat deels verklaard wordt door de al hoge uitgangsscores van dit publiek.
Opvallend was dat de leerwinst niet afhing van hoe natuurverbonden iemand al was voor de tocht. Iedereen leerde evenveel, ongeacht achtergrond of voorkennis.
De studie bevestigt het potentieel van ervaringsgerichte mariene educatie als inclusief instrument, maar wijst ook op een belangrijke beperking: één dag volstaat niet voor blijvende gedragsverandering. Herhaling, verdieping en opvolging zijn noodzakelijk om de verwondering die een vaardag opwekt ook structureel te laten beklijven.

This thesis examines how climate change reshapes security and mobility by comparing two distinct pathways of climate-related displacement: rapid-onset drought and agricultural collapse in Syria, and slow-onset sea-level rise and salinization in Bangladesh. Building on Environmental Security, Human Security, and Securitization Theory, the study argues that these frameworks illuminate important mechanisms—such as climate change as a “threat multiplier” and the political construction of (in)security—but remain limited by state- and anthropocentric assumptions. To address these limits, the thesis advances a Green Theory–informed perspective that centers ecological integrity and climate justice as core security referents. Methodologically, the research employs a comparative case design with process-tracing and pattern-matching across secondary data (peer-reviewed studies, attribution science, displacement statistics, and policy reports). The Syria case links multi-year drought, rural–urban migration, and governance failures to heightened social unrest and onward displacement. The Bangladesh case shows how chronic inundation, salinity intrusion, and livelihood erosion generate primarily internal, incremental mobility with long-term human security risks. Cross-case synthesis demonstrates convergent vulnerabilities (exposure, adaptive capacity, and institutional response) alongside divergent temporal dynamics and policy needs. The thesis contributes in two ways: empirically, by integrating visual and quantitative evidence on climate impacts and mobility patterns across contrasting contexts; and normatively, by proposing elements of a sui generis protection regime for climatedisplaced persons (eligibility criteria for planned relocation, responsibility-sharing formula, and dedicated financing and monitoring). Overall, it reframes security in the Anthropocene toward ecocentric and justice-oriented protection that better aligns with the lived realities of climate-affected populations.

Reintegrating former rebels into civilian life remains a major challenge in post-conflict societies, where sustainable livelihoods and social cohesion are essential for long-term peace. The Philippines is one of the most conflict-affected countries in the world, sharing the 29th spot with Afghanistan and ranks second in ASEAN after Myanmar. The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) in the southern Philippines has been particularly affected by decades of armed conflict and
institutional weaknesses, notably in provinces such as Sulu. In response, the Philippine government is promoting the integration of returnees into coffee cooperatives as part of its peace and reintegration strategy. Despite persistent volatility, the BARMM, particularly Sulu province, has emerged as one of the country’s leading coffee-producing regions contributing over a quarter of national production and providing a strategic pathway to economic recovery. It is therefore crucial to understand how these cooperatives contribute to both livelihoods and social reintegration. This study examines how membership in a coffee cooperative is associated to the socio-economic transition of rebel returnees in Sulu. Based on the Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) framework and social capital theory, a comparative cross-sectional design with survey data from 101 returnees was used. Through regression analysis and structural equation modelling, we show that membership in a cooperative is associated with higher productivity, financial stability, and stronger social capital, even if infrastructural challenges, conflict vulnerabilities, governance, and market difficulties persist. The study demonstrates how locally rooted cooperatives can transform conflict legacies into peace dividends that foster economic gains, social cohesion, and inclusive development. These findings highlight the potential of cooperatives as a pathway for durable socio-economic transitions in fragile contexts. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of targeted support, capacity building, and improved market access to enable returnee cooperatives to fully realize their role in promoting sustainable livelihoods, facilitating social reintegration, and contributing to lasting peace.

Onze bachelorproef gaat over hoe fictie het beeld over bipolariteit beïnvloedt. 1 op 20 Vlamingen heeft een bipolaire stoornis, en de stoornis kreeg de laatste jaren veel aandacht omwille van de razend populaire Vlaamse serie 'Knokke Off'. Vertrekkende vanuit de reeks en het bipolaire personage Louise, vertolkt door Pommelien Thijs, werpt deze multimediale bachelorproef een licht op de rol van fictie in beelvorming rond bipolariteit. Er werd gesproken met mensen die zelf een bipolaire stoornis hebben, de maker van 'Knokke Off' en enkele experten rond beeldvorming en de stoornis zelf.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries and currently affects over 200 million people worldwide—a figure projected to reach 300 million by 2040 (Wong et al., 2014). Despite this high prevalence, most assistive reading technologies continue to prioritize magnification or contrast enhancements, offering limited support for the specific visual challenges posed by central vision loss. In particular, the potential of typography, despite its ubiquity, remains underutilized as an adaptive tool for addressing the specific demands of peripheral vision.

This thesis responds to this gap by proposing a hypothesis-driven reading system that integrates adaptive typography, kinetic text presentation, and eccentric viewing support. Grounded in interdisciplinary evidence from typographic research, vision science, low vision rehabilitation, and reading technology, the project repositions typography as an active contributor to accessible reading.

Two key outcomes were developed: Locus Serif, a variable typeface optimized for peripheral legibility through research-led modifications of multiple typographic parameters, including stroke weight (set between 22–33% of x-height), low stroke contrast, increased x-height, adjustable letter width (narrowing in the foveal region and widening toward the periphery), and scalable serif length (shortened progressively to maintain spatial balance with wider forms). These coordinated adjustments also influence the typeface’s visual rhythm, aiming to achieve an effective balance between heterogeneity and homogeneity—critical for supporting word segmentation and perceptual clarity in peripheral reading. The second component, ReSight, is a horizontal scrolling reading interface aligned to the user’s Preferred Retinal Locus (PRL), incorporating optional PRL calibration via a simplified Amsler grid, high-contrast display, fixation support, and adjustable scrolling controls.

Together, these components demonstrate how typographic design, when grounded in scientific research and implemented responsively, can enhance reading accessibility for individuals with central vision loss. The project offers a design-led framework that invites future empirical validation and potential integration into assistive reading technologies across platforms and scripts.

De scriptie onderzoekt de connectie tussen fotografie, identiteit en geheugen

This thesis evaluates the credibility of a multi-constituent microstructurally-informed finite element model of arterial tissue. Understanding the link between arterial microstructure and mechanical function is essential for defining cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis and aneurysms. Representative volume element (RVE) models are increasingly used to explore this link by efficiently connecting microstructure to mechanics. However, many existing RVEs lack experimental calibration using tissue with selectively modified constituents, systematic validation across loading conditions, and biofidelic microstructural networks. Furthermore, there is limited understanding of how uncertainties in input parameters affect model predictions. Therefore, this study aims to assess and improve the credibility of an RVE model by addressing these gaps through detailed characterisation. The model is evaluated against experimental data from both native and enzymatically-treated tissue, and parameter sensitivity analyses are conducted.

To achieve this, uniaxial tensile tests were performed on native porcine aortic samples. Crucially, to isolate the mechanical roles of key constituents, samples were treated with the enzymes collagenase or elastase to deplete collagen or elastin, respectively. The resulting data calibrated and validated the RVE model, focusing on the collagen and elastin networks and the model’s anisotropic predictive capacity. Subsequently, a surrogate model based on an artificial neural network emulated the RVE’s mechanical response, enabling efficient Sobol' sensitivity analysis of six key microstructural, mechanical, and model parameters.

Enzymatic depletion confirmed distinct constituent roles: collagen-deficient tissue exhibited a linearised response with slight stiffening at high strains, whereas elastase-digested samples demonstrated increased compliance but lost structural integrity. RVE model validation emphasised the importance of accurately representing the anisotropic architecture. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis revealed that uncertainties in six key input parameters substantially influence RVE output variance, with elastin properties predominantly governing low-strain behaviour and collagen-related parameters dictating high-strain responses.

The calibrated and validated microstructurally-informed RVE model can reliably predict aortic mechanics if tissue anisotropy is adequately accounted for. The sensitivity analysis provided crucial insights into which parameters most significantly impact model output variance. This will guide future efforts in model refinement and highlight parameters that require precise experimental characterisation to reduce predictive uncertainty. Furthermore, it will strengthen the RVE's potential as a credible tool in arterial biomechanics research by establishing a more robust, uncertainty-aware modelling framework.

When fundamental symmetries break during early universe phase transitions the resulting scalar field can develop non trivial space dependent configurations of non-vanishing energy density, known as defects; examples of which include domain walls, cosmic strings and monopoles. These defects form a network of extended object, which can play an active role in the dynamics of the early universe, such as generating a gravitational wave background (GWB). Remarkably, Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments have recently reported the first evidence of a GWB, making the study of defects particularly timely and relevant. While the PTA excess is most likely of astrophysical origin, an exciting prospect is a GWB of cosmological origin. In this thesis, a GWB generated by cosmic strings in the early universe is studied. In particular, a model of two subsequent phase transitions is considered in which, under certain conditions, metastable cosmic strings can emerge during the second transition. Specifically, metastable strings have a probability to decay through a quantum tunneling process in which monopoles are nucleated along the strings, effectively reducing their lifetime. Within this model, we will perform a classical stability analysis on the string solutions in order to investigate whether they are long lived enough to have any impactful phenomenology. Finally, we discuss the implications of the determined stability conditions on the predicted gravitational wave spectrum, and how it affects the detectability of this scenario in GW experiments, including PTA.

Kwalitatief onderzoek naar de werkervaringen van sociale stijgers, op basis van 51 diepte-interviews.

Dit onderzoek bekijkt de invloed van politieke partijen op het financieel beleid van Vlaamse gemeenten. Op basis van een originele dataset van 267 gemeenten (2014–2023) analyseerde ik de rol van politieke ideologie en electorale motieven op vier domeinen: belastingdruk, uitgaven, begrotingssaldo en schuldontwikkeling. De resultaten tonen dat ideologie vooral bepalend is voor belastingbeleid, rechtse besturen heffen systematisch lagere belastingen, terwijl uitgaven stijgen in coalities met ideologische diversiteit door interne onderhandeling. Begrotingstekorten blijken vooral te volgen uit de verkiezingscyclus en pieken in de aanloop naar verkiezingen, ongeacht ideologie. Schuldgroei wordt daarentegen nauwelijks beïnvloed door politieke factoren, een verwijzing naar het minder zichtbare karakter en de lange termijn aard van leningsbeslissingen.

Flagship fashion stores zijn geëvolueerd van eenvoudige commerciële ruimtes tot meeslepende omgevingen waarin architectuur bepaalt hoe mode wordt ervaren, herinnerd en begrepen. Deze thesis onderzoekt hoe ruimtelijk ontwerp bijdraagt aan merkidentiteit door retail te transformeren tot een zintuiglijke en culturele ervaring. Via materiaalkeuze, licht, circulatie en sfeer fungeert architectuur als een narratief medium dat gedrag stuurt en betekenis versterkt.

Ondanks hun prominente aanwezigheid worden modieuze retailruimtes vaak over het hoofd gezien in academische architectuurprogramma’s. Dit onderzoek vult dat gat door flagship stores, ontworpen door architecten, te analyseren als scenografische platforms die storytelling verbinden met ruimtelijke beleving. Het volgt de ontwikkeling van meeslepende flagship-architectuur vanaf OMA’s Prada Epicenter (2001) in New York tot recente casestudy’s in Londen, Tokio, Parijs en Miami.

De methodologie combineert theoretisch onderzoek, het opstellen van een historische tijdslijn en veldwerk op locatie. Persoonlijke bezoeken en zintuiglijke observatie voeden de analyse van hoe ruimte emoties oproept, merkwaarden uitdrukt en gebruikerservaringen vormgeeft.

De bevindingen laten zien dat deze modespecifieke ruimtes de grenzen vervagen tussen publiek en privé, spektakel en intimiteit, economie en cultuur. Ze maken duidelijk dat architectuur niet ondergeschikt is aan mode, maar integraal deel uitmaakt van haar uitdrukking. Door identiteit te ensceneren en emotionele betrokkenheid uit te lokken, herdefiniëren flagship stores wat het betekent om te ontwerpen voor consumptie. De thesis pleit voor hun opname in architectuurtheorie als cruciale plekken waar culturele, symbolische en ervaringsgerichte krachten samenkomen.

Deze masterproef onderzoekt hoe de feministische theorie ruimte kan maken voor vrouwelijke seksuele verlangens naar onderwerping zonder te vervallen in moreel wantrouwen of liberaal idealisme. Historisch gezien werden dergelijke verlangens vaak als problematisch beschouwd via het concept van vals bewustzijn. Vertrekkend vanuit poststructuralistische denkers zoals Foucault, Berlant, Butler en Kamra, wordt verlangen benaderd als een relationele en affectieve structuur die door macht wordt gevormd, eerder dan als een zuivere uitdrukking van autonomie of onderdrukking. Audre Lordes begrip van het erotische vult dit theoretisch kader aan door diep gevoeld verlangen te beschouwen als een bron van feministische kennis en creatieve kracht. Deze masterproef pleit voor het loslaten van morele controle over seksualiteit en voor het erkennen van verlangen als een complex en vaak tegenstrijdig onderdeel van het geleefde bestaan. Ze besluit met een oproep tot een materialistisch feminisme waarin erotisch verlangen inspiratie biedt voor verzet, solidariteit en collectieve bevrijding.

De centrale onderzoeksvraag waarop de masterscriptie antwoord zal geven, luidt: “Heeft de GSI de bevoegdheid om subjectieve rechten ontstaan uit een definitieve regularisatievergunning te ontnemen?”

Het ruimtelijk ordeningsrecht is een relatief jong recht en heeft reeds tot vele verzuchtingen geleid. Zo ook voor de bouwheer in de casus waarop deze rechtshistorisch beschrijving geïnspireerd werd.
De aanzet van het onderzoek is de werkwijze van bepaalde ambtenaren uit de handhavend pijler van de ruimtelijke ordening, die nadat een wederrechtelijkheid reeds jaren in rechte werd hersteld, en op basis van een niet meer actuele veroordeling waaraan initieel een dwangsom was verbonden, het probleem opnieuw in het leven roept en om in de opzet te slagen geen juridische kunstgreep schuwt.
Deze problematiek loopt al een twintigtal jaren waarvoor tot vandaag nog steeds geen oplossing is.
De scriptie beschrijft in drie opeenvolgende periodes het ruimtelijk ordeningsrecht. Met name, vanaf het ontstaan van de eerste organieke regelgeving in 1962 tot 1997 in het licht van de zonevreemde woning en de kentering in het handhavingsbeleid. Vervolgens de periode van het nieuwe tijdperk dat moeizaam tot stand komt vanaf 1998 tot begin 2003 in het licht van de regularisatievergunning. Tot slot wordt de gebeurtenis die aanleiding heeft gegeven tot de centrale onderzoeksvraag onderzocht.

De casestudy beoogt deze zeer ernstige problematiek onder de noodzakelijke aandacht te brengen en als draad van Ariadne de eerste aspecten reeds aan te duiden die kunnen leiden naar de oplossing.

Naar aanleiding van de vele studenten die aangeven niet te weten hoe om te gaan met feedback, blijkend uit het eigen onderzoek (observatie en bevraging), richt deze scriptie zich bijgevolg op hoe studenten getraind kunnen worden om op een effectieve manier om te gaan met deze feedback. Hieraan gekoppeld volgt het ontwerpen (en daarna ook het inzetten) van een remediëringstool en wordt er besproken wat de eventuele bijkomende mogelijkheden naar andere opleidingen in het hoger en secundair onderwijs toe zijn.

Dit onderzoek spitst zich uit over de nood aan remediëring in het hoger onderwijs in de eerste bacheloropleiding interieurarchitectuur. Er wordt dieper ingegaan op de verwachtingen van ontwerpdocenten (die eveneens begeleiding en juryleden vormen in het eerste opleidingsjaar) binnen het opleidingsonderdeel Ontwerpstudio.
Er wordt gezocht naar een manier waarop er kan achterhaald worden op welke vlakken er remediëring nodig is bij elk individu en waar als groep op getraind kan worden. In dit proces worden ook de rollen van zowel studenten als docenten binnen de remediëring van een individu onder de loep genomen.

Daar bestaande bronnen in de literatuurstudie omtrent remediëring voornamelijk over inhoudelijke remediëring spreekt, de cognitieve kennis, en onze eigen ervaring in zowel de ontwerpopleiding als de lerarenopleiding alsook een gesprek met de huidige ontwerpdocenten ons getoond hebben dat een ontwerpvak meer skills nodig heeft dan enkel het ‘weten’, ontwikkelen we een visuele samenvatting van de nodige kennisdimensies. Dit leidt naar het resultaat van een creatief product: het radardiagram van kennisdimensies als remediëringstool.

Dit onderzoek vormt de aanleiding voor meerdere vervolgonderzoeken zoals het uittesten van de ontworpen tools en het inzetten van deze tools in andere opleidingen in het hoger alsook secundair onderwijs.

In recent years, interest in the use of ecological materials in the production of fibre-reinforced composites has increased enormously. This study investigates if the mechanical properties of different types of flax fibre cloth could act as a substitute for carbon fibre in composite materials. The study focuses on nine different flax fibre cloths, each with different weight classes and different patterns, combined with bio-epoxy resin to create fiber reinforced composites. The study compares the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and elongation of these flax-based composites. The results indicate that flax fibre composites achieve similar strengths to carbon fibres composites, but due to the fact that they require more layers resulting in greater thickness and weight, their applications are limited, especially in weight-sensitive areas. Unidirectional (UD) flax fibres exhibit the highest tensile strength of all flax fibres tested. In addition, the research shows that the importance of the proper fibre-epoxy ratio is huge, variations in epoxy content will affect the mechanical properties enormously. Bio-epoxy resin, which contains up to 34% biodegradable material, is a good substitute for traditional epoxies. The only difference of bio epoxy is the fact that it is more ductile. Overall, the research highlights the potential applications of flax fibre as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fibres, like carbon or glass fibre.

This dissertation examines the social reproductive experiences of Indian care workers participating in the Aurora Project in Flanders. Launched in response to labor shortages in elderly care homes, the project recruits migrant care workers from Kerala, India. Rooted in social reproduction theory, this study explores how the global care crisis and the international division of labor has given shape to the caring lives of the participants. The research focuses on two key questions: (1) What are the social reproductive experiences of Indian care workers involved in the Aurora Project? (2) How do urban arrival infrastructures, migration regimes, and working-time regimes influence these experiences? The study employs Thematic Analysis and interviews to delve into the complexities of the social reproductive experiences of the Indian care workers. The findings highlight the challenges faced by migrant care workers as they navigate the intersections of nationality, gender, and class in their caregiving roles. The dissertation contributes to a broader understanding of the care crisis and the limitations of labor migration as a solution.

Continued mobility has spawned a renewal of interest in the saliency of borders, opposing strengthened border securitisation to a borderless and globalised world. Current representations of the modern sovereign territorial nation-state and reification of territorial borders are increasingly contested, argued to be inconsistent with the construction and delineation of borders and boundaries in non-territorial terms.

Drawing on a micro-analysis of borders and boundaries, the purpose of this thesis is to uncover a ‘thick description’ of the ways in which South Sudanese refugees navigate borders during their mobility trajectories across the borderland between Uganda and South Sudan. Following refugees’ mobility trajectories, this thesis further aims to explore the threefold relation between subjective perceptions of borders and boundaries, the circumscription of communities of belonging, and evolving identity narratives. The particular borderland between Uganda and South Sudan, used as case study for this thesis, is characterised by a range of dynamic cross-border interactions and relations between both sides of the international border. While borders can divide sub-ethnic and/or linguistic communities, borderlands also lead to the creation of new and complex identities, often interrelated through linguistic, tribal, and cultural ties, as the findings of this research have indicated.

Based on semi-structured interviews conducted in different refugee settlements in northern Uganda, the results highlight a multidimensional perception of borders among refugees: both in a literal and symbolic sense. Although a deep sense of longing for South Sudan, and subsequent national identification, remains, refugees have demonstrated differing nationalistic, tribal, and linguistic identifications. As identification is not a linear process, affected by the evolution of time and space, refugees have demonstrated a multi- layered and interrelated process of nationalistic, tribal, and linguistic identification, grounded across multiple locations at once. By rethinking the logic of borders beyond their territorial materialisation, and by including a symbolic dimension (referring to cross-border tribal and linguistic boundaries), this thesis illustrates the diversity and complexity underlying refugee’s sense of belonging and interrelated identity narratives, subjected to continuous processes of identity negotiations.

This thesis explores the political imperative of public space in the Brussels Capital Region. The city-region, marked by administrative complexity and political stratification, is today also subject to a disconnect between citizens and representative democratic instances. This disaffection is exacerbated by broader political polarisation and hyper-politicization within Belgian society. Furthermore, despite discussions about a reappropriation of public space, true progress remains relative and often coincides with creeping processes of depoliticization.
Public space, however, plays a crucial role within the public sphere, which has been influentially theorised by Jürgen Habermas and Hannah Arendt. Habermas's historical analysis of the bourgeois public sphere highlights principles of accessibility, rational deliberation, and reasoned opinion-formation. This has been critiqued by Nancy Fraser for its exclusion of subaltern groups, leading to her concept of multiple counter-public spheres. Arendt in a different stance emphasises plurality as fundamental to politics, with the public sphere then being the site for action and speech.
The public sphere, although non-dismissible for forming critical public opinion and active citizenship in contemporary democracy, is today challenged by delocalisation and disembodiment. Therefore, in response to challenges to both sphere and space, the political imperative of public space proves essential to (re)consider. Public space must in this regard be seen as a relational entity with socio-physical and spatio-temporal dimensions. Characteristics such as accessibility, inclusivity, and potential for transgression are key, yet public spaces are more often dominated by patterns of e.g. securitization, privatization, and commodification.
The conceptualization of political public space in this thesis considers it as either a playground or a theatre, focusing on democratic performance of both citizens and architecture in itself. The general framework is subsequently applied to the case of the Brussels Capital Region. An analysis of XDGA’s non-realised design for the Schuman Square, a significant political and symbolic site, illustrates the potential and limitations of formal public spaces for embedding political action. In contrast, but refraining from hierarchisation, Filter Café Filtré Atelier’s OpenStreets project demonstrates the potential of informal public spaces to foster political engagement and activism around themes of common interest. The Decoratelier case study ultimately emphasizes the importance of genuine political engagement in public space, warning against superficial participation.
Addressing the political imperative of public space proves crucial for enabling citizen engagement within societal transformation. While public space alone cannot resolve polarisation, it can contribute by making abstract disagreements tangible and fostering continuous negotiation and debate. The thesis identifies key socio-physical and architectural considerations for evaluating the political imperative of public spaces, such as representation, control, and multi-publicity. The goal is to create a framework for spaces that represent both diverse publics and society, while enabling collective action and participation. After all, architects have a significant role in designing these spaces through re-engaging politics and aesthetics by treating space as an active participant in societal and political dynamics.

Deze masterproef vertrekt vanuit de vaststelling dat er in het jeugdwerklandschap een hernieuwde aandacht is voor politiserende praktijken. Maar wat politisering precies inhoudt, is vaak nog onduidelijk. Dit onderzoek beoogt het concept politisering te verduidelijken binnen een Brusselse jeugdwerkcontext. Hiervoor stonden drie onderzoeksvragen centraal. (1) Welke invulling geven Brusselse jeugdwerkers aan het begrip politisering?; (2) Hoe ontstaan politiserende praktijken in Brusselse jeugdwerkorganisaties?, (3) Wat zijn de effecten van een politiserende actie, volgens Brusselse jeugdwerkers?

Om de onderzoeksvragen te beantwoorden werd een grondige literatuurstudie uitgevoerd, aangevuld met persoonlijke ervaringen van jeugdwerkers. De data werd verzameld via vier focusgroepen met veertien jeugdwerkers, van dertien verschillende Brusselse jeugdwerkorganisaties. Deze data werden thematisch geanalyseerd. De gegevens zijn geanalyseerd met de thematische analysemethode met behulp van de software MAXQDA. Door praktijken van Brusselse jeugdwerkers te combineren met theoretische inzichten van politieke theoretici, zoals Chantal Mouffe, Jürgen Habermas, en Jaques Rancière, bestudeert deze masterpoef de politiserende aard van de praktijken.

Uit de resultaten kwam naar voor dat politisering een breed en dynamisch begrip is. Brusselse jeugdwerkers vullen politisering in als het versterken van de stem van kinderen en jongeren in de samenleving en het bevorderen van maatschappelijke verandering. Politiserende praktijken in Brusselse jeugdwerkorganisaties ontstaan doordat jeugdwerkers signalen opvangen van kinderenen jongeren die de aanleiding zijn voor een politiserende actie. Deze politiserende acties nemen verschillende creatieve vormen aan op micro-, meso- en macroniveau. Om politisering in het jeugdwerk te bevorderen is een steunende context nodig. De volgende zaken worden door de respondenten als drempels en succesfactoren ervaren: samenwerkingsverbanden, de rol van emotie, financiële middelen, timing, het engagement van de jongeren en tot slot de rol van de jeugdwerker.

Volgens Brusselse jeugdwerkers leren jongeren die deelnemen aan politiserende acties vaardigheden die hen helpen als individu en als actieve burger in de samenleving, zoals kritisch nadenken, mondigheid, bijleren over de maatschappij. Brusselse jeugdwerkers hebben verschillende ervaringen met de reactie van beleidsmakers op politiserende acties, deze verschilt afhankelijk van de context en de houding van de beleidsmakers.

Soils are everywhere and they are teeming with life. They contain over 59% of all biodiversity and these different species are in close contact with each other. Soil organisms interact with such a vast array of other soil organisms that they construct an intricate soil community network, which is still poorly understood. However, global change is pushing down on these smaller life forms and, by extent, threatening the world as we know it. The loss in soil biodiversity is tangible in the functional network and stunts the performance of entire ecosystems.

This thesis will point our gaze downwards, literally. We will explore the intricate soil network, comprised of life such as microscopic insects, worm-like organisms, fungi and bacteria. While largely invisible, the cooperation of these organisms keeps both the natural world and our civilisation running, as they deliver valuable ecosystem functions which shape our aboveground worlds. Bacteria are an essential cornerstone in soil networks. For instance, they are crucial in the decomposition process, in which they recycle organic matter and thus revitalise the ecosystem. This was our reason to further look into how Bacteria are impacted by the loss of whole groups from the soil network.

This research has found that subsequentially losing more and more different organism groups results in bacterial communities which differ significantly from each other. As their composition changes, the benefits they provide to the ecosystem change as well. We showed that the ability of bacteria to recycle nutrients is drastically impeded as the soil networks are degrading. This will in turn cause further decline in biodiversity as certain species will be unable to sustain their nutritional needs

Plant productivity was affected as well. While grasses seemed to be more resilient, herbs decreased in their performance, which could ultimately have important consequences for the ecosystems, such as a lower abundance of flowers for pollinators.

This study underlines the efficiency of a diverse soil system. Due to the disruption in the trophic and decomposition networks, the functioning of the overall soil network declines in its efficiency. This is alarming considering these belowground communities are the foundation of our aboveground world.

While the potential threat of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) to marine ecosystems is gain- ing attention, research often utilizes unrealistically high exposure levels. This study bridges that gap by investigating the effects of environmentally relevant MNP concentrations on the saltwater microalgae Rhodomonas salina. It further explores the role of Extracellular Poly- meric Substances (EPS) in mitigating these effects. Microalgae were exposed to a range of PET and aged-PET concentrations (10, 100, 1000, and 10000 particles/mL) to account for potential changes in polymer properties and additive release due to aging. Kaolin served as a control for non-plastic particle effects. Although the study’s findings on algal growth didn’t show a clear trend, they did reveal some intriguing patterns in EPS quantity and com- position. Notably, at the low MNP concentrations used, there were no significant changes in total EPS amount. However, the Protein-to-Carbohydrate (P/C) ratio within the EPS dis- played distinct responses depending on the exposure type. While the P/C-ratio remained stable for PET exposures, it significantly increased for aged-PET and kaolin at higher con- centrations. Interestingly, kaolin exposure resulted in more and larger aggregates, whereas higher concentrations of PET and aged-PET led to fewer and smaller ones. Furthermore, at the highest exposure (10000 particles/mL), all treatments displayed a shift in aggregate composition, with a higher proportion of algal cells relative to EPS. These findings signifi- cantly improve risk assessment of MNPs under current marine pollution conditions. They also highlight the critical role of algal EPS in the aggregation of both microalgae and MNPs, ultimately influencing their environmental fate.

Anthropogenic activities across various land uses (e.g. roadsides, industrial areas,
agricultural zones) have introduced xenobiotics, substances not natural to the
ecosystem, in the environment, affecting soil physiochemical characteristics and soil
bacterial communities. To adapt to this changing environment, bacteria have evolved
to withstand these harsh conditions. Insertion sequences (IS) can form composite
transposons that recruit and carry along passenger genes, including those involved in
the degradation of organic pollutants. However, studies examining IS elements
abundance and its cargo in bacterial communities within their natural context is limited.
The purpose of this thesis is to improve our knowledge of the role of the IS element
IS6100 in genetic adaptation within soil bacterial communities. This research focused
on two parts, the first part on Pakistani soil samples that determined how bacterial
community structure and abundance of IS6100 associates with land uses, spatial, and
environmental factors. Land use and location exerted significant influence on alpha
and beta diversity in soil ecosystems, notably with agricultural soil demonstrating
higher diversity due to increased disturbance. While environmental factors such as Cu,
total nitrogen, As, Cd, and total carbon contribute to soil bacterial community variability,
their impact is relatively small compared to land use in shaping soil bacterial
composition. Nevertheless, 86% unexplained variability suggests the presence of
additional important factors that were not measured in our study. IS6100 is
widespread, with no differences in abundance across various geographic Pakistani
samples with differing land use. While effects of environmental factors including
community diversity was low, some toxic contaminants like DiPCB and TriPCB
exhibited a negative correlation with IS6100 abundance. The second part examined
contaminated soils in Belgium, assessing IS6100 abundance by qPCR. Moreover, a
new long-range PCR (LR-PCR) method was applied to amplify the cargo of IS6100
associated CTs for functional analysis by nanopore sequencing. IS6100 was present
across all samples, with significant variations in relative abundance between soils.
Particularly, soil samples continuously exposed to pesticides exhibited elevated
IS6100 abundances compared to those with less clear contaminants. Regarding cargo
genes identification, clear bands in the AGE for every sample suggested that the LR
PCR IS6100 cargo genes were successfully and reproducibly amplified. The amplicons
were successfully sequenced by nanopore sequencing for future functional analysis.

In de literatuur wordt vaak geopperd dat online seksuele delinquenten beschouwd worden als een groep met aparte kenmerken, los van de kenmerken van hand-on seksuele delinquenten. Echter is onderzoek naar online seksuele delinquenten schaars. Daarbij is weinig geweten over de affectregulatie van online seksuele delinquenten en of zij gebaat zijn bij dezelfde emotieregulatietraining die vaak wordt gebruikt voor hands-on seksuele delinquenten.

Deze studie wil, door middel van vragenlijsten, onderzoeken of experiëntiële vermijding, problemen met affectregulatie en seks als coping, het plegen van hands-on en online seksuele misdrijven (mede) zou kunnen verklaren. Dit zou kunnen bijdragen aan het verbeteren van bestaande tertiaire preventieprogramma's voor online seksuele delinquenten in plaats van ze op dezelfde manier te behandelen als hands-on seksuele delinquenten.

In lijn met onze hypotheses zagen we dat het gebruik van experiëntiële emotieregulatie door emoties te erkennen, begrijpen en te uiten, de kans op het plegen van hands-on seksuele delicten significant verlaagt. Aan de andere kant lijkt het onderdrukken van emoties de kans op hands-on seksuele misdrijven juist te vergroten. Dit impliceert dat inzetten op adaptieve emotieregulatievaardigheden binnen de behandeling van hands-on seksuele delinquenten essentieel is.

In deze bachelorproef werd het mogelijke effect van tinnitusluidheid op cognitie onderzocht, bij personen met een cochleair implantaat. Hierin werd gebruik gemaakt van een within-subjects design, waarbij elke participant twee keer de cognitieve test aflegde (één keer met en één keer zonder CI).